{"id":22087,"date":"2025-09-07T14:20:39","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T05:20:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/?p=22087"},"modified":"2025-09-07T14:20:43","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T05:20:43","slug":"%eb%af%b8%ec%88%a0%ec%95%84%eb%83%a5-%eb%98%90-%eb%8b%a4%eb%a5%b8-%ed%98%84%eb%8c%80%eb%af%b8%ec%88%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/archives\/22087","title":{"rendered":"\ubbf8\uc220\uc544\ub0e5, [\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uace0\uc740\uc758 \ub178\ud2b8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ucc45\uc758 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ub85c \uac08\uc218\ub85d \ub9c8\uc74c\uc774 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacfc\uc5f0 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc800\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc120\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc778\uac00? \ub780 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc774 \ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \uc720\ub7fd \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc2dc\uac01, \uadf8\uac83\ub3c4 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc774 \ubb3c\ub4e0 \ubc31\uc778 \ub0a8\uc131 \ubbf8\uc220\uc560\ud638\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc228\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \u2018\uc6d0\ud615\u2019\uc744 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubbfc\uc871\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294, \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub2e4\uc591\uc131\uacfc \ub2e4\uc6d0\uc131\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubbf8\uc220\uacc4\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uacfc\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc5b4\uae0b\ub098 \ubcf4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \uacc4\uc2b9\uc790\ub85c \uac70\ub860\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc80a\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c\uc57c \ubc1c\ud280\uc2a4\ub098 \uc0e4\ud504\ub780 \uc815\ub3c4\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc608\uc220\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\ub610&nbsp; \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\u2019\uc744 \ucc3e\ub2e4\uac00 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc720\ub7fd \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \ubbf8\ud559\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ud611\uc18c\ud558\uace0 \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801\uc778 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcbd\uc744 \ub9cc\ub09c\uac83 \ucc98\ub7fc \ub290\uaef4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\ucc45\uc744 \ub118\uae30\uba70 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \ubc30\uc2e0\uac10 \ub9c8\uc800 \ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc800\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub4a4\uc0f9\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc800\uc790\uac00 \ube44\ud310\ud55c \ub300\ub85c \u2018\uc2e4\ud328\ud55c \uc608\uc220\uac00\u2019\uc600\uc744\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8\uac00 \ud588\ub358 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ud601\uba85\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc6a9\uac10\ud588\ub358\uac00. \uc77c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc624\ube0c\uc81c\ub97c \ubbf8\uc220\uad00 \uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc838\uc634\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc608\uc220\uc758 \uacbd\uacc4\ub97c \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9b0 \uadf8\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub294, \ube44\ub85d \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc608\uc220\uc744 \ub354 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uc2dc\ub044\ub7fd\uace0 \ubc29\ub9cc\ud55c \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694? \uc800\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ube44\ud310\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\uac00 \uc644\ubcbd\ud788 \uc815\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\uc744 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uca4c\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \u2018\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\u2019\uc5d0 \uc18d\uc544\uc628 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc560\ucd08\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uc220\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uc790\ubcf8, \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ud3b8\uacac \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud655\uc778\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc77c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub4dc\uc168\ub294\uc9c0 \uad81\uae08\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc815\ub9d0 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc18d\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc7ac\uc6a9\uc758 \ub178\ud2b8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc544\ub798 \ub178\ud2b8\ub294 \ubc15\uc7ac\uc6a9\uc774 \uc4f0\uace0, LLM \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \uac80\uc0c9 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd94\uac00 \uc790\ub8cc \uc870\uc0ac \ubc0f \ud329\ud2b8\uccb4\ud06c, \uac80\uc99d\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub367\ubd99\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2020\ub144 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\uac04\ub418\uc5b4 \ud654\uc81c\ub97c \ubaa8\uc740 \ud55c \uad8c\uc758 \ucc45\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 30\uc138 \ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc0ac \ubc45\uc790\ub9f9 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \u300e\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220: \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc608\uc220\uac00\uc640 \uac00\uc9dc \uac00\uce58\ub4e4\u300f. (\ucc3e\uc544\ubcf4\ub2c8, \ud765\ubbf8\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc774 \ucc45\uc740\u00a0<strong>\uc804 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\uc9c1 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\ub85c\ub9cc \ubc88\uc5ed<\/strong>\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uc5b4, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5b4, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5b4 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \ubc88\uc5ed\ubcf8\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694? \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801 \ubc18\ud5a5? \ud55c\uad6d \ucd9c\ud310\uacc4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec? \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud55c \ud0c0\uc774\ubc0d\uc758 \uc77c\uce58? \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ubc88\uc5ed\uc790 \uc18c\uac1c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud30c\uc545\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc800\ub294 \uc774 \ucc45\uc744 \uc77d\uace0\ub098\uc11c, \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc800\uc790\uc758 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \uc131\ubd84(?)\uc774 \uad81\uae08\ud574\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcf4\ub2c8, \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \uc774\ub825\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ucf54\uc2a4\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\ud30c\ub9ac \uace0\ub4f1\uc0ac\ubc94\ud559\uad50(ENS)\u00a0\ucca0\ud559\uacfc\ub97c \uc878\uc5c5\ud558\uace0 \uad50\uc218\uc790\uaca9(agr\u00e9gation)\uc744 \ucde8\ub4dd\ud55c \ub4a4,\u00a0\uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544 \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ube0c \ubcf8\ud478\uc544 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub85c \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc758 \ud55c \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c &#8220;\uad50\uc9c1&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \ud070 \uc624\ud574\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc0ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c0\ub3c4\uce35\uc774 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc874\uacbd\ubc1b\ub294 \uc9c4\ub85c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc14\uce7c\ub85c\ub808\uc544(baccalaur\u00e9at) \ucca0\ud559 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc740 \uc804 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\ub144 6\uc6d4, \uace03 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc774 4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 &#8220;\ud589\ubcf5\ud574\uc9c0\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221;, &#8220;\uc608\uc220\uc791\ud488\uc740 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6cc\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uac00?&#8221; \uac19\uc740 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc5d0\uc138\uc774\ub85c \ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \uc774 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uacf5\uc601\ubc29\uc1a1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc911\uacc4\ub418\uace0, \uc2dc\ud5d8 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc800\ub141 \ub274\uc2a4 \ud5e4\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc744 \uc7a5\uc2dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0\ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud575\uc2ec \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub4e0\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub354\uc6b1\uc774 ENS \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad50\uc218\uc790\uaca9(agr\u00e9gation)\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucde8\ub4dd\ud55c \ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc0ac\ub294 &#8220;professeur de philosophie&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \uc874\uacbd\ubc1b\ub294 \ud638\uce6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974, \uc2dc\ubaac \ubca0\uc720, \uc54c\ud280\uc138\ub974, \ubbf8\uc178 \uc138\ub974 \ub4f1 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud604\ub300 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc0ac\uc758 \uac70\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774 \uae38\uc744 \uac70\ucce4\uc8e0. \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c &#8220;\uc120\uc0dd\ub2d8&#8221;\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc9c0\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \uacc4\uc2b9\uc790\uc774\uc790 \ubbf8\ub798 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub97c \uc591\uc131\ud558\ub294 &#8220;\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud30c\uc218\uafbc&#8221;\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2ec\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 ENS \u2192 \uad50\uc218\uc790\uaca9 \u2192 \uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544 \ubc15\uc0ac \u2192 \ud30c\ub9ac \uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc0ac\ub77c\ub294 \ucf54\uc2a4\ub294 &#8220;\uc9c0\uc801 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ub2e4\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ub300\ud559 \uad50\uc218\uc9c1\uc774\ub098 \uc815\uce58\uad8c \uc9c4\ucd9c\uc744 \ub178\ub9ac\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc801 \uc120\ud0dd&#8221; \uac19\uc544 \ubcf4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac80\uc0c9\ud574\ubcf4\ub2c8, \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ucca0\ud559 \uad50\uc0ac \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc694. \ub180\ub78d\uc8e0?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\uc758 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub17c\ubb38 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub3c4 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4\ub370\uc694. \uc774\ube0c \ubcf8\ud478\uc544(1923-2016)\ub294 20\uc138\uae30 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uc2dc\uc778\uc774\uc790\u00a0\uc544\ubc29\uac00\ub974\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc800\ud56d\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8\ud478\uc544\ub294 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c &#8220;\ud604\uc874(pr\u00e9sence)&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uc7a5\uc18c\uc131(lieu)&#8221;\uc758 \uc2dc\ud559\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud588\uc8e0. \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uac00 \ubcf8\ud478\uc544\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf8\uac00 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294\u00a0\ubc18\ud604\ub300\uc801 \ubbf8\ud559\uad00\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc544\uc774\ub7ec\ub2c8\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc694. \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 &#8220;\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8&#8221;\uac70\ub4e0\uc694. \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub294 Canal+, Lagard\u00e8re, Lib\u00e9ration \uac19\uc740 \uac70\ub300 \ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc9c4\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ub4dc\ub2c8 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290. ENS \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uceec\ub7fc\ube44\uc544 \ubc15\uc0ac\uae4c\uc9c0. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 &#8220;\ube44\uc804\ubb38\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18\uc778&#8221;\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\uc9c0\uc154\ub2dd\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uce58\ud658\ud574\ubcf4\uba74&#8230; \uac70\ub300 \uc2e0\ubb38\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc7a5\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ucca0\ud559\uacfc\ub97c \uc878\uc5c5\ud55c \ub4a4 \uae30\ub4dd\uad8c\uc758 \uc704\uc120\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \ud3ec\uc9c0\uc158\uc744 \ucde8\ud574\uc11c \uc774\ubaa9\uc744 \ub044\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\ub784\uae4c\uc694&#8230;!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74, \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uac00 &#8220;\uc77c\ubc18\uc778\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2dd&#8221;\uc744 \ub300\ubcc0\ud55c\ub2e4\uba70 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uc5ed\uc124\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294\u00a0\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c &#8220;\uc0c1\uc2dd&#8221;\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \ubc14\ud0d5<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc870\uc0ac\ub97c \ud574\ubcf4\ub2c8, \uadf8\uc5d0\uac90 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 &#8216;\uc870\uc0c1\ub2d8&#8217;\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uccab\uc9f8, 1990\ub144 \ub93d \ud398\ub9ac\uc758 \u300e\ud638\ubaa8 \uc5d0\uc2a4\ud14c\ud2f0\ucfe0\uc2a4\u300f\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud398\ub9ac\ub294 &#8220;\uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \ucde8\ud5a5\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc900\uacfc \ud654\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?&#8221;\ub77c\ub294 \ubbf8\ud559\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucc45\uc740 1990\ub144\ub300 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c &#8220;\ucca0\ud559\uc758 \ub300\uc911\ud654&#8221; \ubd90\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5c8\uace0, \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ubbf8\ud559 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \uc77c\ubc18\uc778\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 &#8220;\ube44\uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubbf8\uc220 \ube44\ud310&#8221; \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc740 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ub458\uc9f8, 1983\ub144 \uc7a5 \ud074\ub808\ub974\uc758 \u300e\ubbf8\uc220 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\ucc30: \uadfc\ub300\uc131 \ube44\ud310\u300f\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong>&nbsp;\ud074\ub808\ub974\ub294 1960-70\ub144\ub300 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220 \ud604\uc7a5\uc758 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 &#8220;\ub3c4\ubc1c\uc801 \uc804\ud5a5&#8221;\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc544\ubc29\uac00\ub974\ub4dc \ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \uc815\uba74 \ube44\ud310\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1980\ub144\ub300 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \uc88c\ud30c \uc815\uad8c(\ubbf8\ud14c\ub791) \ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb38\ud654\uc815\ucc45\uc758 \ub300\ub300\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ud30c\uc801 \ubc18\ubc1c\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc73c\ub85c \ud074\ub808\ub974\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud074\ub808\ub974\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 &#8220;\uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ubbf8\uc758 \uac00\uce58&#8221;\ub97c \uc639\ud638\ud558\uba70 \ubd80\ub974\uc8fc\uc544 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ub178\uc2a4\ud0e4\uc9c0\uc5b4\ub97c \ub300\ubcc0\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 &#8220;\uc18c\uc218 \uc758\uacac&#8221;\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub800\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. (\ubb54\uac00&#8230; \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uacb9\uce58\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc8e0!?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\ub294 \uc774 \ub450 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 2020\ub144\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc870\ud569\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud559\uc220\uc9c0 \u300eMarges\u300f\uac00 &#8220;\uc7a5 \ud074\ub808\ub974\uc758 1983\ub144 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \uac70\uc758 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubca0\ub080 \uc218\uc900&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ube44\ud310\ud55c \uac83\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc544\ub2d0\uae4c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2020\ub144 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4: \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \ud0c0\uc774\ubc0d\uc758 \uc6b0\uc5f0<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \ucc45\uc740 \uc65c 2020\ub144\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\uc744\uae4c\uc694? \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ub9e5\ub77d\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uba3c\uc800, <strong>\uc9c8\ub808 \uc874 \uc2dc\uc704\uc640 &#8220;\uc811\ucd09 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8&#8221; \ube44\ud310\uc758 \uc5ec\ud30c<\/strong>\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a02018\ub144 11\uc6d4\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc9c8\ub808 \uc874(Gilets Jaunes, \ub178\ub780 \uc870\ub07c) \uc2dc\uc704\ub294 2020\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc740 \uc0c1\ud754\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ud06c\ub871\uc740 &#8220;\ubd80\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839(pr\u00e9sident des riches)&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub099\uc778\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 &#8220;\uc811\ucd09 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8(\u00e9lites hors-sol)&#8221; \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \uace0\ucc29\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc8e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" data-attachment-id=\"22090\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/archives\/22087\/image-11\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1200,900\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"image\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?fit=1200%2C900&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?resize=1200%2C900&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.png?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;\uae38 \uac74\ub108\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uba74 \uc77c\uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\ub294 \uc2dd\uc758 \uacc4\uae09 \uba78\uc2dc\uc801 \ubc1c\uc5b8\ub4e4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubcf5\uc9c0 \uc9c0\ucd9c\uc744 &#8220;\ubbf8\uce5c \ub3c8(argent fou)&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\ud604<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>52\uc8fc \uc5f0\uc18d \uc2dc\uc704\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud30c\ub9ac \uc911\uc2ec \uae30\ub4dd\uad8c\uce35\uacfc \uc8fc\ubcc0\ubd80 \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uce35 \uac04 \uae4a\uc740 \uaca9\ucc28 \ub178\ucd9c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ucf54\ub85c\ub09819 \ubb38\ud654 \uc608\uc0b0 \ub17c\ub780<\/strong>\ub3c4 \ub9c8\uce68 \uadf8\ub54c\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2020\ub144 \ud32c\ub370\ubbf9 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ubb38\ud654 \ubd80\ubb38 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc740 \uc5ed\uc124\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub17c\ub780\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ucd1d 50\uc5b5 \uc720\ub85c \ubb38\ud654 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ucc45<\/strong>: 29\uc5b5(\uc815\ubd80 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc9c0\uc6d0) + 1.2\uc5b5(\uae34\uae09 \uc9c0\uc6d0) + 10\uc5b5(2021\ub144 \uc608\uc0b0 \uc99d\uc561) + 9.5\uc5b5(&#8220;\uacf5\ubc31\uc758 \ud574&#8221; &#8211; \ube44\uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc2e4\uc5c5\uae09\uc5ec \uc5f0\uc7a5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc77c\ubc18 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c &#8220;\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ubb38\ud654&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774\u00a0<strong>\ud2b9\uad8c\uce35 \ud3b8\ud5a5 \uc815\ucc45<\/strong>\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud2b9\ud788 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220 \ubd84\uc57c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc774 &#8220;\uc77c\ubc18\uc778\uacfc \ub3d9\ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc608\uc220&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud2b9\ud61c\ub85c \ube44\ud310\ubc1b\uc74c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c &#8220;\uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \ud0c0\uc774\ubc0d&#8221;\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \u300e\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\u300f\uc744 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\ubc18\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \uc815\uc11c\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ucd9c\uad6c<\/strong>: \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc9c8\ub808 \uc874, \ubb38\ud654\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 &#8220;\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220 \ube44\ud310&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ubc30\uc81c\uac10\uc758 \uacb0\ud569<\/strong>: &#8220;\uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220 = \uc11c\ubbfc \ubc30\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8 \ubb38\ud654&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8220;\uc0c1\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcf5\uc6d0&#8221; \ub2f4\ub860<\/strong>: \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc774\ub860\ubcf4\ub2e4 &#8220;\ub204\uad6c\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0&#8221; \uc639\ud638<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc2e0\ub784\ud55c \ube44\ud310<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u300eMarges\u300f \ud559\uc220\uc9c0(2021)<\/strong>: &#8220;\ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uae4a\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \ud5c8\uc601&#8221;, &#8220;30\uc138\uc5d0 \uace0\ubc31\ub85d\uc744 \uc4f0\ub294 \uc2dc\uae30\uc0c1\uc870\ud568&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OpenEdition \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc<\/strong>: &#8220;bavardage mondain et billet de blog(\uc0ac\uad50\uacc4 \uc218\ub2e4\uc640 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud305 \uc218\uc900)&#8221;, &#8220;\uc7a5 \ud074\ub808\ub974\uc758 1983\ub144 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub97c \uac70\uc758 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubca0\ub080 \uc218\uc900&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ud53c\uc0c1\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6a9<\/strong>: &#8220;\uac10\uc131, \uc790\uc5f0, \uc9c4\uc815\uc131, \ubbf8\uba54\uc2dc\uc2a4&#8221; \ub4f1\uc744 \uc815\uc758 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub0a8\ubc1c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud568\uaed8 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcfc \uac83\ub4e4<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub358\uc9c0\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcf4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc608\uc220\uc758 &#8220;\uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0&#8221;\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574:<\/strong>\u00a0\ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc774 \uc815\ub9d0\ub85c &#8220;\uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4&#8221; \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc778\uac00, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc778\uac00\uc694?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub300\uc911\uc131\uacfc \uc804\ubb38\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c:<\/strong>\u00a0\uc608\uc220\uc758 &#8220;\ub300\uc911\uc131&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uc804\ubb38\uc131&#8221; \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae34\uc7a5\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694? \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\ucc98\ub7fc &#8220;\uce74\ub4dc \uc5fd\uc11c \ud310\ub9e4\ub7c9&#8221;\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc220\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub300\uc548\uc77c\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc8fc\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc758 \ud568\uc815:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc774 \ubc18\uc9c0\uc131\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uac00 &#8220;\uc9c4\uc9dc \uc608\uc220&#8221;\ub85c \ucd94\ucc9c\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4:<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc1c\ud280\uc2a4, \uc790\ucf54\uba54\ud2f0\ubd80\ud130 \uc544\ub9ac\uce74, \uba54\uc774\uc2a8, \uc790\ud504\ub780\uae4c\uc9c0. \uadf8\uc758 \uc120\ud0dd \uae30\uc900\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\uace0, \uacfc\uc5f0 \uc77c\uad00\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc744\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;\ubbf8\uc220\uc544\ub0e5&#8221;\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74,<\/strong>\u00a0\uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc758 \ubd88\ud3b8\ud568\uacfc \uac70\ub9ac\uac10\uc744 \ub300\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uadf8\uac00 \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 &#8220;\uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8&#8221; \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uac70\ub4e0\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uccad\ud560 \ubd80\ubd84\uacfc \uacbd\uacc4\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uad6c\ubd84\ud574\uc11c \ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \uc811\uadfc \uc7a5\ubcbd\uacfc \uc18c\ud1b5\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ubd84\uba85 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc774 \uacfc\uac70\ub85c\uc758 \ud1f4\ud589\uc774\ub098 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc774\ubd84\ubc95\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \uc544\ub2d0 \uac70\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\ub7ec\ubd84\uc740 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac \uc911 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac10\ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc758\ubb38\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uc2dc\ub098\uc694? &#8220;\uc9c4\uc9dc \uc608\uc220&#8221;\uacfc &#8220;\uac00\uc9dc \uac00\uce58&#8221;\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\ubc95\uc774 \uacfc\uc5f0 \uc720\ud6a8\ud560\uae4c\uc694? \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c8\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uad81\uae08\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc640\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9cc\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ud14c\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc9c8\ubb38\ub4e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc9c0\ub09c \uc544\ud2b8\uc704\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uae0d\uc815\ud560\uc218 \uc788\ub294\/\uc5c6\ub294 \ubbf8\uc220\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uc168\ub098\uc694?\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ubc45\uc790\ub9f9 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290 \uc800\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uacac\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uc2dc\ub098\uc694?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dc\uac01, \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uad11\ubc1b\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubc1c\uc81c \ub178\ud2b8\ub4e4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc804 \uc77d\uc740 \ucc45\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc774 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub4a4\uc0f9\uc758 \uc0d8\uc740 \ud604\ub300 \ubbf8\uc220 \ube44\ud310\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc774 \ub418\uace0\uc788\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uca4c\uba74 \ud604\ub300 \ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud558\uace0\uc790\ud588\ub358 \ub4a4\uc0f9\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\uac00 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uad00\ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uba39\ud78c \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \ub09c \ub4a4\uc0f9\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub9c8\uc6b0\ub9ac\uce58\uc624 \uce74\ud154\ub780\ub3c4 \ud604\ub300 \ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ud601\uc2e0\uc131\uc5d0 \uc5c5\ud600\uc11c \uba85\uc131\uacfc \ubd80\ub97c \uc313\uace0\uc790\ud588\ub2e4\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 &#8220;\uc774\ub798\ub3c4 \uc608\uc220\ub85c \ubcfc\uac70\uc57c?&#8221;\ub97c \ubb3b\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u3131O\u3139<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\ubc45\uc790\ub9f9 \uc62c\ub9ac\ubca4\ub290\ub294 \ucc45 &#8220;\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220&#8221;\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45 \uc81c\ubaa9\ucc98\ub7fc &#8216;\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac&#8217;, \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4, \ud604\ub300\ub97c \uc0b4\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud604\ub300\ubbf8\uc220\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. Jean Clair\ub77c\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\ud559\uc790\uc758 \ucc45\uc740 \uc804\ubd80 \uc77d\uc744 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4(p.157) \uc800\uc790\uac00 \uc774 \ucc45\uc744 \uc800\uc220\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uc774\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uac00 1920~30\ub144\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4(p.7). \uc800\uc790\uc758 \uc560\uad6d\uc2ec \ub54c\ubb38\uc778\uc9c0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3d9\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \ubab0\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc800\uc790\ub294 \uc774 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 &#8216;\ubbfc\uc871 \ud654\ud30c&#8217;\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc800\uc790\ub294 \uc774 \ub17c\uc9c0\ub97c \ud3bc\uce58\uae30 \uc704\ud574 18\uc138\uae30 \uc774\uc804 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud68c\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\ubd80\ud130 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \uadf8 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uc74a\uace0, \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4 \ub098\ub3c4 \ub4e4\uc5b4\ubcf8 \uc801 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uba85\ud55c? \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\ub3c4 &#8216;\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud68c\ud654&#8217; \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ub791\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc544\uc9c1 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubbfc\uc871\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc220\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \uc9c1\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub531 \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc798 \ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u3131OO (\ub180\ub7ec\uac00\uae30)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uadf8\ub9bc\ub3c4 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uc798 \ud0c0\uba74 \uc720\uba85\uc138\ub97c \ub5a8\uce58\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub974\uac8c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \ub4a4\uc548\uae38\ub85c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \ub9ce\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c, \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc608\uc220\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc774 \ud750\ub824\uc9c4\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uc5d0 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \ud65c\uc6a9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub3c8\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774\uace0 \ud2b8\ub80c\ub4dc\uc774\uae30\uc5d0 \uadf8\uac83\ub3c4 \ub098\uc058\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uac19\uc774 \ud1a0\ub860\uc744 \ud558\uba74 \uc88b\uc744 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u3147\u3131O<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uc77d\uace0 \ub098\ub2c8 \uc774 \ucc45\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ubbf8\uc220\uacc4 \ub0b4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \ucc45\uc774\ub780 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758 \uc801\uc774\ub780 \ube44\ub09c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824 \ud53c\uce74\uc18c\ub4f1 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud30c\ub9ac \ud65c\ub3d9\uacbd\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc790\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ub530\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc801\uc778 \ud544\ud130\ub97c \uac70\uce5c \uac70\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8230; \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \ucc45\uc774 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ub4a4\uc9d1\uc5b4\uc57c \uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uc9c4\ubd80\ud574\uc838 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac04 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc30\uc2e0\uc790\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub290\uaf08\uc744 \uc0ac\uc9c4\uc758 \ubc1c\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uae34 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758\uc2dd\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uace0\uc218\ub4e4\uc774 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0 \ub290\uacbc\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub0e5 \uace0\uc218\ub4e4\uacc1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc54c\uc9f1\uac70\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2e4\ub825\uc744 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub9ac\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978\uac00?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u3147OO<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\ub85c\ud2f0:\u201c\uc88b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud569\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \u2018\uc9c4\uc9dc \uc608\uc220\u2019\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \ucc3e\uc73c\ub824 \uc560\uc4f8 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc608\uc220\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc77d\uc5b4\ub0b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774\ub4e0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub4e0, \ud55c\uad6d\uc774\ub4e0, \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub354 \ub113\uac8c \ub300\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \ucd5c\ub3c4\ud558 (\ud30c\ud2b8\ub108)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uc608\uc220\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uace0\uc804\uc801 \uc7ac\ud604\uc774\ub098 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \uac07\ud790 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\ub0a0 \ub300\uc911\uc774 \uc5f4\uad11\ud558\ub294 \uc791\ud488\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc7a5\uc2dd\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uac10\uc218\uc131\uacfc \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud604\ub300 \uc608\uc220\uc740 \ube44\ub85d \uc18c\ube44\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc989\ud765\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc77c\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uae34 \uc2dc\ub300\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc744 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc220\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ub354 \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub300\uc911\uc774 \uc65c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac10\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc9c8\ubb38\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4, \uadf8\uac83\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 21\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc608\uc220\uc758 \uc790\uc138\uac00 \uc544\ub2d0\uae4c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; \u3147\u3148<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\uc2e0\ud654\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub294 \uc790\ubcf8\uacfc \uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud5c8\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ucc3d\uc791\uc744 \ud5a5\ud55c \uc5f4\uc815\uacfc \ub048\uae30\uc788\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c \uc815\uc9c4\ud588\uc744 \ubfd0 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud0c0\uc774\ud2c0\ub3c4 \uc601\uad11\ub3c4 \ubc14\ub780\uc801 \uc5c6\uc744 \ud130\uc774\ub2e4. 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