{"id":2248,"date":"2020-10-28T17:21:43","date_gmt":"2020-10-28T08:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/?p=2248"},"modified":"2020-10-28T17:26:07","modified_gmt":"2020-10-28T08:26:07","slug":"%ec%95%88%ea%b3%bc-%eb%b0%96-%ec%9d%bd%ea%b8%b0-%eb%aa%a8%ec%9e%84%ec%9d%84-%ec%9c%84%ed%95%9c-%eb%85%b8%ed%8a%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jaeyongpark.net\/updates\/archives\/2248","title":{"rendered":"\uc548\uacfc \ubc16 \uc77d\uae30 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ud2b8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\uc704\ud0a4\ubc31\uacfc\uc758 The Commonwealth of Oceana<\/em> \ud398\uc774\uc9c0 \uc601\ubb38 \ub9c1\ud06c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc548\uacfc\u00a0\ubc16\u00a0<\/em>48\uad8c\u00a0\u201c\uc7ac\uc870\uba85\u201d\u00a0\ucf54\ub108\uc5d0\u00a0\uc2e4\ub9b0\u00a0\ud398\uc774\ud37c\u00a0\u201c\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc,\u00a0\uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc,\u00a0\uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758:\u00a0\uc81c\uc784\uc2a4\u00a0\ud574\ub9c1\ud134\uc758\u00a0\u300e\uc624\uc2dc\uc544\ub098\u00a0\uacf5\ud654\uad6d\u300f\u00a0\ub2e4\uc2dc\u00a0\uc77d\uae30\u201d\uc758 \uc800\uc790\u00a0\uc724\uc11d\ubbfc\uc740\u00a0James Harrington\uc758\u00a0The Commonwealth of\u00a0Oceana<\/em>(1656)\uc744\u00a0\ube0c\ub809\uc2dc\ud2b8\uc758\u00a0\uae30\uc6d0\uc744\u00a0\ubc14\ub77c\ubcf4\ub294\u00a0\ud2c0\ub85c\u00a0\uc0bc\uace0\uc790 \ud568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubd80\ubd84(\ub4e4):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\ucd5c\uadfc \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5f0\ud569 \ud0c8\ud1f4\uac00 \uae30\uc815\uc0ac\uc2e4\ud654\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc  \uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac70\ubd80\uac10\uacfc \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uce5c\uc5f0\uc131\uc740 \uc5f0\ud569 \uc655\uad6d \ub0b4 \uc18c\uc18d \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc774\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc880 \ub354 \uae4a\uace0 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc778\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc720\ucd94\ud558\uac8c\ud55c\ub2e4.\u201d(205)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\uc138\uc2b5\uad70\uc8fc\uc81c \ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc801\uc790\uc758 \uacc4\uc2b9\uc774 \ub04a\uae34 \ud29c\ub354 \uc655\uc870\uc758 \uc885\uacb0\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc778\ud55c, \uc77c\uc885 \uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc6b0\uc5f0(historical contingency)\uc758\uacb0\uacfc\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2a4\ud29c\uc5b4 \ud2b8 \uc655\uc870 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uac1c\ub9c9\uc740 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc640 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubd88\uc548\ud558\uace0 \ud56d\uc2dc\uc801 \uae34\uc7a5\uc774 \ub3d9\ubc18\ub41c \uc5f0\ud569 \uad00\uacc4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub298 \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub418\ubb3b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uac15\uc694\ud55c \uc148\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u2018\ub3d9\ub4f1\ud558\uac8c \uc911\uc694\ud55c\u2019 \uc5f0\ud569\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2a4\ub9ac\ub294 \uad70\uc8fc(absentee monarch)\uc758 \ubaa8\ud638\ud568 \ucc98\ub7fc,\uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6d\uc655\uc774 \ub3fc \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5 \uce58\ud558\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uad70\uc8fc(foreign ruler)\uc758 \ub0af\uc126 \ucc98\ub7fc, \uac1c\ub150\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud56d\uc0c1 \ubd88\uc548 \uc815\ud55c\uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d0 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u201d(206)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

207\ud398\uc774\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 (\ubaa8\ub4e0?) \ub17c\ubb38\uc774 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\ub4ef \uae30\uc874 literature\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucf54\uba58\ud2b8\ub97c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc724\uc11d\ubbfc\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 The Commonwealth of Oceana<\/em>\uc758 \uc218\uc6a9\uc0ac(reception history). \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74 \uc138\uc2b5\uad70\uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310\uc774 \uc8fc\ub97c \uc774\ub918\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \u201c\uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud55c \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ub294 \uae30\uc81c\u201d(208)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \u2013 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \u201c\ub300\uc911\uc801 \ub3c5\ubc95(popular reading)\u201d(209)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5 + \ube0c\ub809\uc2dc\ud2b8 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \ub3c5\ud574(\uc724\uc11d\ubbfc\uc758 \ubc14\ub78c)\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ubc29\ud574\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\ud574\ub9c1\ud134\uc758 \u300e\uc624\uc2dc\uc544\ub098\u300f\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ud574\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \ud504\ub9ac\uc998\uc5d0 \uad74\uc808\ub41c \ucc44 \ud1b5\uc6a9\ub3fc\uc654\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\ub3c4 \ubb34\ubc29\ud558\ub2e4.\u201d(211)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud574\ub9c1\ud134\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\ube60(?) \uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uac00 \ubd09\uac74\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \ucd94\ub3d9\ub825\uc774 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \uc0ac\ud68c \ub0b4\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub77c \uc678\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130, \ub2e4\uc2dc\ub9d0\ud574 \uc778\uc811 \uad6d\uac00\uc778 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544\uc57c \ud55c \ub2e4\ub294 \ud574\ub9c1\ud134\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 1650\ub144\ub300\uc758 \ud574\ub9c1\ud134\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\ub294 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574\ub0b8 \uacfc\uac70, \uc989 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud6c4\uc9c4\uc131(backwardness)\uc758 \ucd1d \uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.\u201d(213)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc800\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\uadfc\ub300 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc601\uad6d\uc778\ub4e4, \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ub300\uc11c\uc591 \uc591\uc548\uc758 \uc11c\uad6c\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\ubc95 \uc775\uc219\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\uc720\ub418\uc5b4 \uc628 \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub9f9\uc810\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788\uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\uc881\uc740 \ud658\uc6d0\ub860\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub150 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud55c \ubaa8\uc21c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ub85c\ub9c9\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uac00 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc628 \u2018\uc790\uc720\u2019(liberty)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud5c8\uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uc9c1\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc81c\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc804\uc720\ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ubc0f \ud655\ub300 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \uc124\ub4dd\ub825\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294\ub2e4.\u201d (218)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c17\uc138\uae30 \uc789\uae00\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud55c \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\ub294 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \uac00\ub85c\ub193\uc778 \ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\ub3c4 \ubb34\ubc29\ud558\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\uac83\uc740\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \u2018\uc790\uc720\uad6d\uac00\u2019\uc758 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc9c1\uba74\ud560 \uc218 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801 \ud55c\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\ub294, \uc774\uc0c1\uacfc \ud604\uc2e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uad34\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ud1a0\ud53c\uc544\uc801\ub51c\ub808\ub9c8\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.\u201d(221)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub610\ud55c,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18 \uad6d\ubbfc \uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud1b5\uce58(popular government)\ub85c \ucd95\uc18c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc774\ud574\ub420 \ub54c, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 \ud604\uc2e4\uc138\uacc4\uc640\uad34\ub9ac\ub97c \ube5a\uc744 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4.\u201d(222)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ube0c\ub809\uc2dc\ud2b8 \ud22c\ud45c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc601\uad6d \uc758\ud68c\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5f0\ud569 \uc794\ub958\ub97c \ud76c\ub9dd\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uad6d\ubbfc\ud22c\ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub7fd\uc5f0\ud569 \ud0c8\ud1f4 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \ub3c4\ucd9c\ub428. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \u201c\uce90\uba38\ub7f0(David Cameron) \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc601\uad6d \ucd1d\ub9ac\uc640 \uadf8\ub97c \ub4a4\uc774\uc740 \uba54\uc774 (Theresa May) \ucd1d\ub9ac\uac00 \uc787\ub530\ub77c \uc601\uad6d\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uacf5\ud45c\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud5cc\uc815\uc801 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ud669\uae09\ud788 \uc218\uc2b5\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548 \uc18c\uc120\uac70\uad6c\uc81c\ub97c \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ub300\uc758\uc81c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uace0 \ud3ec\ucc29 \uac00\ub2a5\ud588 \ub358 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc8fc\uad8c\uc774 \uc758\ud68c\uc8fc\uad8c\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc6b0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc815\ubd80 \uc218\ubc18\uc774 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uc21c\uac04\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\u201d(223) \ub610\ud55c \u201c\uc774\ub294 \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\uc774 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc8fc\uad8c\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud560\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub974\ub098 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud37d \uc735\ud1b5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uadfc\ub300 \uc774\uc804 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uad6c\ud604\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \uc9c0\uc801\ub420 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.\u201d(223)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uacb0\ub860\uc740?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub3c5\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc838 \uc628 The Commonwealth of Oceana<\/em>\ub97c \uadf8\ub807\uac8c\ub9cc \uc77d\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74, \ud604\uc7ac \ube0c\ub809\uc2dc\ud2b8\ub97c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \u2018\uc5f0\ud569\uad6d\u2019\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc601\uad6d \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac01\uae30 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc774 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc628\ub3c4\ucc28\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 1656\ub144\uc5d0 \uc4f0\uc5ec\uc9c4 \ucc45 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takeaway?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uacf5\ud654\uc8fc\uc758\u00a0\uc790\uccb4\uc5d0\u00a0\ub0b4\uc7ac\ud55c\u00a0\ubaa8\uc21c\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud574\u00a0\uc778\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uac83.\u00a0\uc774\ub97c\u00a0\ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c, \u2018\ubbfc\uc758\ub97c\u00a0\uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ub300\ubcc0\ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294\u00a0\uac83\uc744\u00a0\ub0b4\uc138\uc6cc\u00a0\uc778\uae30\ub97c\u00a0\ub192\uc774\ub294 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758\u00a0\uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0\u00a0\ub300\ud574\u00a0\ub2e4\uc2dc\u00a0\uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcf4\ub294\u00a0\uac83.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\t

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